并: Formal Additive Coordination in Chinese
并
并 is a formal additive conjunction that joins two parallel verb phrases sharing the same subject. It stands between the coordinated actions and often presents the second action as an addition or closely linked development. This card covers the conjunction listed in GF0025-2021, not the distinct emphatic-negative adverbial pattern 并不/并没有.
Published July 23, 2026
Reviewed July 23, 2026
01 / PATTERN
See the Structure
MODEL
Subject + Verb phrase 1 + 并 + Verb phrase 2
Read the structure
并 is a formal additive conjunction that joins two parallel verb phrases sharing the same subject. It stands between the coordinated actions and often presents the second action as an addition or closely linked development. This card covers the conjunction listed in GF0025-2021, not the distinct emphatic-negative adverbial pattern 并不/并没有. Keep the model Subject + Verb phrase 1 + 并 + Verb phrase 2 visible while you compare each sentence.
他们同意并支持我们的建议。
They agree with and support our proposal.
Choose the right context
Join two parallel actions with the same subject. Add a closely related second action in formal prose. Coordinate predicates in notices, reports, and instructions.
请阅读并签署这份文件。
Please read and sign this document.
Respect the boundary
Do not insert 并 inside a noun phrase. Do not place 并 after both completed predicates. Do not use this card to teach the separate 并不/并没有 pattern.
他们同意支持并我们的建议。
(They agree support and our proposal.)
Repair the pattern
并 is inserted inside the second verb phrase: 并 belongs between the two coordinated verb phrases 同意 and 支持我们的建议. 并 splits a demonstrative noun phrase: 并 coordinates parallel actions; it cannot split 这份文件.
他们同意并支持我们的建议。
Use the repaired structure without changing the intended meaning.
02 / MAP
Read the Sentence
Read from left to right and notice the job performed by each part. The labels describe this example; they are not a rule that every Chinese sentence must copy.
他们同意并支持我们的建议。
They agree with and support our proposal.
他们
Subject
This part occupies the Subject position in the model pattern.
同意
Verb phrase 1
This part occupies the Verb phrase 1 position in the model pattern.
并
并
This part occupies the 并 position in the model pattern.
支持
Verb phrase 2
This part occupies the Verb phrase 2 position in the model pattern.
我们
Subject
This part occupies the Subject position in the model pattern.
的
Verb phrase 1
This part occupies the Verb phrase 1 position in the model pattern.
建议
并
This part occupies the 并 position in the model pattern.
03 / EXAMPLES
Examples You Can Reuse
Keep the structure stable while changing the people, objects, times, or conditions. Pinyin is shown as reading support; use the Chinese sentence and translation to confirm the grammar relationship.
他们同意并支持我们的建议。
They agree with and support our proposal.
请阅读并签署这份文件。
Please read and sign this document.
新系统提高了效率并降低了成本。
The new system increased efficiency and reduced costs.
04 / LIMITS
When to Use It — and When Not To
Use it when
- Join two parallel actions with the same subject.
- Add a closely related second action in formal prose.
- Coordinate predicates in notices, reports, and instructions.
Do not use it when
- Do not insert 并 inside a noun phrase.
- Do not place 并 after both completed predicates.
- Do not use this card to teach the separate 并不/并没有 pattern.
05 / REPAIR
Compare Right and Wrong
Compare the smallest meaningful change. Each explanation identifies a placement, scope, form, or clause relationship instead of treating the whole sentence as one undifferentiated mistake.
他们同意支持并我们的建议。
他们同意并支持我们的建议。
并 is inserted inside the second verb phrase
并 belongs between the two coordinated verb phrases 同意 and 支持我们的建议.
请阅读这并份文件。
请阅读并签署这份文件。
并 splits a demonstrative noun phrase
并 coordinates parallel actions; it cannot split 这份文件.
他们同意支持并我们的建议。
并 belongs between the two coordinated verb phrases 同意 and 支持我们的建议.
请阅读这并份文件。
并 coordinates parallel actions; it cannot split 这份文件.
06 / PRACTICE
Practice the Grammar Point
Complete three short tasks in order: judge the pattern, repair a common error, and build the sentence. Feedback is fixed and reviewed, so these activities do not use a checker allowance.
1. Judge the sentence
2. Choose the correction
3. Build the sentence
Build a complete sentence with 并.
07 / APPLY
Apply It in Your Sentence
Write one original sentence with 并. Your draft moves to the checker through this browser session, selects this grammar point as the first review focus, and waits for you to submit.
08 / QUESTIONS
并: Formal Additive Coordination Questions
What does 并 coordinate here?
It normally coordinates parallel verb phrases that share one subject.
Is this the same pattern as 并不?
No. This card follows the official conjunction item 并、以及; emphatic-negative 并不/并没有 is a separate use.
09 / SOURCES
Sources and Review Notes
These references support different parts of the lesson. GF0025-2021 supports level placement only; professional grammar works support the explanation, limits, examples, and cross-checks. Their inclusion does not imply endorsement.
Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education (GF0025-2021)
Ministry of Education and State Language Commission · Ministry of Education of the PRC · 2021
Locator: GF0025-2021 Appendix A, Level 4 item 【四19】, 连词：并、以及 (printed p. 207)
Supports placement in HSK 4; it does not independently establish the usage explanation.
Official sourceChinese: A Comprehensive Grammar, 2nd ed.
Yip and Rimmington · Routledge · 2016
Locator: Chapter 22, §22.1.3, 并 bìng ‘also’ (p. 377)
Describes 并 as a formal additive coordinator joining parallel predicate material.
Official source10 / CONTINUE
Continue with a Connected Rule
Compare
还还 for Still, Also, and Else
Compare this lesson with 还 adding one more property, action, or participant; both belong to addition and secondary information, but they organize a different sentence role or discourse job.
Compare
尚尚: Formal Still or Not Yet
Compare this lesson with formal 尚 marking a remaining state or requirement; both belong to addition and secondary information, but they organize a different sentence role or discourse job.
Compare
顺便顺便: Doing a Secondary Action
Compare this lesson with 顺便 adding a secondary action performed on the same occasion; both belong to addition and secondary information, but they organize a different sentence role or discourse job.
Continue learning
以及以及: Formal Additive Coordination
Continue with the reviewed follow-up lesson to apply this pattern inside a broader, explicitly connected grammar construction.
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Continue with the reviewed follow-up lesson to apply this pattern inside a broader, explicitly connected grammar construction.