且: Formal Additive Progression in Chinese
且
且 is a concise formal connector adding a parallel or reinforcing property, reason, or clause. It stands before the added predicate and often follows a complete first point. Unlike the verb phrase connector 和, it can link predicative material; it cannot take aspect marking, trail its clause, or split a verb-object phrase.
Published July 23, 2026
Reviewed July 23, 2026
01 / PATTERN
See the Structure
MODEL
Clause A，且 + Additional predicate or Clause B
Read the structure
且 is a concise formal connector adding a parallel or reinforcing property, reason, or clause. It stands before the added predicate and often follows a complete first point. Unlike the verb phrase connector 和, it can link predicative material; it cannot take aspect marking, trail its clause, or split a verb-object phrase. Keep the model Clause A，且 + Additional predicate or Clause B visible while you compare each sentence.
此人经验丰富，且办事稳妥。
This person is experienced and handles matters reliably.
Choose the right context
Add a formal parallel property to a prior description. Introduce another supporting point in concise prose. Connect predicative material rather than two ordinary nouns.
方案成本较低，且容易实施。
The plan costs relatively little and is easy to implement.
Respect the boundary
Do not put 且 after the clause it introduces. Do not attach 了 to 且. Do not insert it between a verb and its object.
方案成本较低，容易实施且。
(The plan is inexpensive, easy to implement and.)
Repair the pattern
且 follows the added predicate: 且 introduces the added predicate and must precede 容易实施. 且 splits a verb and its object: 且 links predicative units and cannot split 处理 from its object 问题.
方案成本较低，且容易实施。
Use the repaired structure without changing the intended meaning.
02 / MAP
Read the Sentence
Read from left to right and notice the job performed by each part. The labels describe this example; they are not a rule that every Chinese sentence must copy.
此人经验丰富，且办事稳妥。
This person is experienced and handles matters reliably.
此人
Clause A，且
This part occupies the Clause A，且 position in the model pattern.
经验
Additional predicate or Clause B
This part occupies the Additional predicate or Clause B position in the model pattern.
丰富
Clause A，且
This part occupies the Clause A，且 position in the model pattern.
，
Additional predicate or Clause B
This part occupies the Additional predicate or Clause B position in the model pattern.
且
Clause A，且
This part occupies the Clause A，且 position in the model pattern.
办事
Additional predicate or Clause B
This part occupies the Additional predicate or Clause B position in the model pattern.
稳妥
Clause A，且
This part occupies the Clause A，且 position in the model pattern.
03 / EXAMPLES
Examples You Can Reuse
Keep the structure stable while changing the people, objects, times, or conditions. Pinyin is shown as reading support; use the Chinese sentence and translation to confirm the grammar relationship.
此人经验丰富，且办事稳妥。
This person is experienced and handles matters reliably.
方案成本较低，且容易实施。
The plan costs relatively little and is easy to implement.
证据充分，且来源可靠。
The evidence is sufficient, and its sources are reliable.
04 / LIMITS
When to Use It — and When Not To
Use it when
- Add a formal parallel property to a prior description.
- Introduce another supporting point in concise prose.
- Connect predicative material rather than two ordinary nouns.
Do not use it when
- Do not put 且 after the clause it introduces.
- Do not attach 了 to 且.
- Do not insert it between a verb and its object.
05 / REPAIR
Compare Right and Wrong
Compare the smallest meaningful change. Each explanation identifies a placement, scope, form, or clause relationship instead of treating the whole sentence as one undifferentiated mistake.
方案成本较低，容易实施且。
方案成本较低，且容易实施。
且 follows the added predicate
且 introduces the added predicate and must precede 容易实施.
他处理且问题很稳妥。
他经验丰富，且处理问题很稳妥。
且 splits a verb and its object
且 links predicative units and cannot split 处理 from its object 问题.
方案成本较低，容易实施且。
且 introduces the added predicate and must precede 容易实施.
他处理且问题很稳妥。
且 links predicative units and cannot split 处理 from its object 问题.
06 / PRACTICE
Practice the Grammar Point
Complete three short tasks in order: judge the pattern, repair a common error, and build the sentence. Feedback is fixed and reviewed, so these activities do not use a checker allowance.
1. Judge the sentence
2. Choose the correction
3. Build the sentence
Build a complete sentence with 且.
07 / APPLY
Apply It in Your Sentence
Write one original sentence with 且. Your draft moves to the checker through this browser session, selects this grammar point as the first review focus, and waits for you to submit.
08 / QUESTIONS
且: Formal Additive Progression Questions
How is 且 different from 和?
和 typically coordinates nouns or phrases. 且 is a formal connector that adds predicative information.
Does 且 always add a stronger point?
Not always, but it often adds a reinforcing or further property in formal prose.
09 / SOURCES
Sources and Review Notes
These references support different parts of the lesson. GF0025-2021 supports level placement only; professional grammar works support the explanation, limits, examples, and cross-checks. Their inclusion does not imply endorsement.
Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education (GF0025-2021)
Ministry of Education and State Language Commission · Ministry of Education of the PRC · 2021
Locator: GF0025-2021 Appendix A, combined Levels 7–9 item 【七—九100】, 递进复句：……，且…… (printed p. 248)
Supports placement in the official combined Levels 7-9 band; the exact site level remains an internal difficulty label; it does not independently establish the usage explanation.
Official sourceModern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide, 3rd ed.
Ross, Ma, Chen, He and Yeh · Routledge · 2024
Locator: Chapter 16, §16.1, additive conjunctions; Chapter 40, expressing additional information
Supports using a conjunction before added parallel predicative material rather than inside a verb-object phrase.
Official source10 / CONTINUE
Continue with a Connected Rule
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