Composition with 由…组成 in Chinese
由……组成
由…组成 states what parts make up a whole. The whole is the subject, 由 introduces the component list, and 组成 closes the predicate. The components may be people, sections, materials, or abstract elements. This role pattern differs from 由 introducing an origin or assigning responsibility for an action.
Published August 1, 2026
Reviewed August 1, 2026
01 / PATTERN
See the Structure
MODEL
Whole + 由 + Parts + 组成
Read the structure
由…组成 states what parts make up a whole. The whole is the subject, 由 introduces the component list, and 组成 closes the predicate. The components may be people, sections, materials, or abstract elements. This role pattern differs from 由 introducing an origin or assigning responsibility for an action. Keep the model Whole + 由 + Parts + 组成 visible while you compare each sentence.
我们班由两位老师和二十位学生组成。
Our class consists of two teachers and twenty students.
Choose the right context
List the people or things that form a whole. Describe the sections of a document or test. Present concrete or abstract components in a neutral way.
这篇文章由三个部分组成。
This article consists of three parts.
Respect the boundary
Do not place 组成 before the component phrase. Do not separate 由 from the parts it introduces. Do not reverse the whole and its component list.
我们班组成由两位老师和二十位学生。
(Our class composes by two teachers and twenty students.)
Repair the pattern
组成 appears before the introduced parts: The component phrase begins with 由, and 组成 follows the complete list. 由 is separated from its component phrase: 由 must directly introduce the parts before the final predicate 组成.
我们班由两位老师和二十位学生组成。
Use the repaired structure without changing the intended meaning.
02 / MAP
Read the Sentence
Read from left to right and notice the job performed by each part. The labels describe this example; they are not a rule that every Chinese sentence must copy.
我们班由两位老师和二十位学生组成。
Our class consists of two teachers and twenty students.
我们
Whole
This part occupies the Whole position in the model pattern.
班
由
This part occupies the 由 position in the model pattern.
由
Parts
This part occupies the Parts position in the model pattern.
两
组成
This part occupies the 组成 position in the model pattern.
位
Whole
This part occupies the Whole position in the model pattern.
老师
由
This part occupies the 由 position in the model pattern.
和
Parts
This part occupies the Parts position in the model pattern.
二十
组成
This part occupies the 组成 position in the model pattern.
位
Whole
This part occupies the Whole position in the model pattern.
学生
由
This part occupies the 由 position in the model pattern.
组成
Parts
This part occupies the Parts position in the model pattern.
03 / EXAMPLES
Examples You Can Reuse
Keep the structure stable while changing the people, objects, times, or conditions. Pinyin is shown as reading support; use the Chinese sentence and translation to confirm the grammar relationship.
我们班由两位老师和二十位学生组成。
Our class consists of two teachers and twenty students.
这篇文章由三个部分组成。
This article consists of three parts.
这张试卷由十道选择题和一道写作题组成。
This test consists of ten multiple-choice questions and one writing task.
04 / LIMITS
When to Use It — and When Not To
Use it when
- List the people or things that form a whole.
- Describe the sections of a document or test.
- Present concrete or abstract components in a neutral way.
Do not use it when
- Do not place 组成 before the component phrase.
- Do not separate 由 from the parts it introduces.
- Do not reverse the whole and its component list.
05 / REPAIR
Compare Right and Wrong
Compare the smallest meaningful change. Each explanation identifies a placement, scope, form, or clause relationship instead of treating the whole sentence as one undifferentiated mistake.
我们班组成由两位老师和二十位学生。
我们班由两位老师和二十位学生组成。
组成 appears before the introduced parts
The component phrase begins with 由, and 组成 follows the complete list.
这篇文章由组成三个部分。
这篇文章由三个部分组成。
由 is separated from its component phrase
由 must directly introduce the parts before the final predicate 组成.
我们班组成由两位老师和二十位学生。
The component phrase begins with 由, and 组成 follows the complete list.
这篇文章由组成三个部分。
由 must directly introduce the parts before the final predicate 组成.
06 / PRACTICE
Practice the Grammar Point
Complete three short tasks in order: judge the pattern, repair a common error, and build the sentence. Feedback is fixed and reviewed, so these activities do not use a checker allowance.
1. Judge the sentence
2. Choose the correction
3. Build the sentence
Build a complete sentence with 由……组成.
07 / APPLY
Apply It in Your Sentence
Write one original sentence with 由……组成. Your draft moves to the checker through this browser session, selects this grammar point as the first review focus, and waits for you to submit.
08 / QUESTIONS
Composition with 由…组成 Questions
What comes before 由?
The whole being described normally comes before 由. The parts follow 由 and precede 组成.
Can the parts be abstract?
Yes. The frame can describe concrete membership or abstract components, provided the subject is the whole they form.
09 / SOURCES
Sources and Review Notes
These references support different parts of the lesson. GF0025-2021 supports level placement only; professional grammar works support the explanation, limits, examples, and cross-checks. Their inclusion does not imply endorsement.
Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education (GF0025-2021)
Ministry of Education and State Language Commission · Ministry of Education of the PRC · 2021
Locator: Appendix A, Level 4 item 【四31】, PDF p. 215
Lists 由…组成 at Level 4 and gives class, article, and test-component examples.
Official sourceLaoshi Chinese Grammar Reference
Laoshi editorial team · Laoshi · 2026
Locator: The structure 由…组成, scheme and examples
Explains that the subject is the whole and the object after 由 names concrete or abstract components.
Official source10 / CONTINUE
Continue with a Connected Rule
Easy to confuse
由 + 负责人 + 动词由 for Assigning Responsibility
Both use 由 before a noun phrase, but one names components and the other assigns responsibility.
Easy to confuse
由 + 起点由 for an Origin or Entry Point
Distinguish component-listing 由 from 由 marking the starting point of movement.
Compare
被The 被 (bèi) Passive
Compare a whole described through its parts with a passive clause centered on an affected entity.
Learn first
动词谓语句Basic Subject-Verb-Object Order
Review ordinary subject and predicate roles before assigning the whole and component list.
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Easy to confuse
Both use 由 before a noun phrase, but one names components and the other assigns responsibility.