HSK 8
况且: Moreover / Besides in Chinese
况且 introduces an additional reason that strengthens a judgment, decision, or conclusion already supported by the preceding context. It normally connects clauses and comes before the reinforcing reason. Unlike a neutral 并且, it often implies that the first reason was already sufficient and the added point makes the case even stronger.
STRUCTURE
Reason A, 况且 + Stronger Reason B
When to use 况且 — and when not
Use it when
- To add a stronger reason: 天已经很晚了，况且我们也没有车。
- To reinforce a refusal or decision: 这个方案风险太大，况且成本也超出预算。
- After a negative point to add another obstacle: 我不熟悉路，况且外面还下着雨。
Don't use it when
- For two neutral simultaneous actions; 并且 may fit a simple addition better.
- Do not leave 况且 after the reason it is meant to introduce.
- Do not use it when the second clause contradicts rather than reinforces the first reason.
Right vs. wrong
天已经很晚了，我们也没有车况且。
天已经很晚了，况且我们也没有车。
况且 is placed after the reinforcing reason
况且 is a connector that introduces the additional reason, so it must precede that clause.
这个方案增加况且成本，风险也很大。
这个方案风险很大，况且会增加成本。
况且 is inserted between a verb and its object
况且 connects the reinforcing clause; it cannot split the verb 增加 from its object 成本.
Examples
天已经很晚了，况且我们也没有车。
Tiān yǐjīng hěn wǎn le, kuàngqiě wǒmen yě méiyǒu chē.
It is already late, and besides, we have no car.
这个方案风险太大，况且成本也超出预算。
Zhège fāng'àn fēngxiǎn tài dà, kuàngqiě chéngběn yě chāochū yùsuàn.
This plan is too risky, and its cost also exceeds the budget.
我不熟悉路，况且外面还下着雨。
Wǒ bù shúxī lù, kuàngqiě wàimiàn hái xià zhe yǔ.
I do not know the way, and it is raining outside as well.
Common mistakes
天已经很晚了，我们也没有车况且。
Tiān yǐjīng hěn wǎn le, wǒmen yě méiyǒu chē kuàngqiě.
Put 况且 before the added reason: 况且我们也没有车。
这个方案增加况且成本，风险也很大。
Zhège fāng'àn zēngjiā kuàngqiě chéngběn, fēngxiǎn yě hěn dà.
Use 况且 to introduce a clause, not inside a verb-object phrase: 风险很大，况且会增加成本。
Think you've got it?
Write your own 况且 sentence and check that grammar point first.
况且: Moreover / Besides FAQ
What is the difference between 况且 and 并且?
并且 can neutrally add parallel information. 况且 typically adds another reason that reinforces an existing judgment or makes an already supported case stronger.
What is the difference between 况且 and 何况?
况且 adds a reinforcing reason. 何况 often moves from one case to an even more obvious or stronger case, frequently with a rhetorical flavor.