固然…也… for Conceding a Fact Without Reversing Course in Chinese
固然……，也……
固然 acknowledges that the first proposition is valid, and 也 adds a second judgment that remains valid alongside it. Unlike 固然…但是…, the second clause need not overturn the first; it can add a parallel concession or consequence. The construction is more common in careful speech and written argument than casual conversation.
Published July 28, 2026
Reviewed July 28, 2026
01 / PATTERN
See the Structure
MODEL
Clause 1 + 固然，Clause 2 + 也 + Predicate
Read the structure
固然 acknowledges that the first proposition is valid, and 也 adds a second judgment that remains valid alongside it. Unlike 固然…但是…, the second clause need not overturn the first; it can add a parallel concession or consequence. The construction is more common in careful speech and written argument than casual conversation. Keep the model Clause 1 + 固然，Clause 2 + 也 + Predicate visible while you compare each sentence.
经验固然重要，方法也不能忽视。
Experience is important, and method cannot be ignored either.
Choose the right context
Acknowledge one valid consideration before adding another. Place 也 before the predicate in the second clause. Use it when both propositions remain accepted rather than directly contradicted.
这个办法固然简单，也需要耐心执行。
This method is simple, but it still requires patient execution.
Respect the boundary
Do not combine 也 and 但是 as competing second-clause markers. Do not repeat 固然 without a syntactic role. Do not assume every 固然 sentence must express a sharp reversal.
这个办法固然有效，也但是成本太高。
(The method is effective, but its cost is high.)
Repair the pattern
Competing second-clause connectives are stacked: Choose concessive 也 or adversative 但是 according to the intended relation; do not stack them. 固然 is duplicated: One 固然 is sufficient to mark the acknowledged proposition.
这个办法固然有效，但是成本太高。
Use the repaired structure without changing the intended meaning.
02 / MAP
Read the Sentence
Read from left to right and notice the job performed by each part. The labels describe this example; they are not a rule that every Chinese sentence must copy.
经验固然重要，方法也不能忽视。
Experience is important, and method cannot be ignored either.
经验
Clause 1
This part occupies the Clause 1 position in the model pattern.
固然
固然，Clause 2
This part occupies the 固然，Clause 2 position in the model pattern.
重要
也
This part occupies the 也 position in the model pattern.
，
Predicate
This part occupies the Predicate position in the model pattern.
方法
Clause 1
This part occupies the Clause 1 position in the model pattern.
也不能
固然，Clause 2
This part occupies the 固然，Clause 2 position in the model pattern.
忽视
也
This part occupies the 也 position in the model pattern.
03 / EXAMPLES
Examples You Can Reuse
Keep the structure stable while changing the people, objects, times, or conditions. Pinyin is shown as reading support; use the Chinese sentence and translation to confirm the grammar relationship.
经验固然重要，方法也不能忽视。
Experience is important, and method cannot be ignored either.
这个办法固然简单，也需要耐心执行。
This method is simple, but it still requires patient execution.
结果固然值得关注，过程也同样重要。
The result deserves attention, and the process is equally important.
04 / LIMITS
When to Use It — and When Not To
Use it when
- Acknowledge one valid consideration before adding another.
- Place 也 before the predicate in the second clause.
- Use it when both propositions remain accepted rather than directly contradicted.
Do not use it when
- Do not combine 也 and 但是 as competing second-clause markers.
- Do not repeat 固然 without a syntactic role.
- Do not assume every 固然 sentence must express a sharp reversal.
05 / REPAIR
Compare Right and Wrong
Compare the smallest meaningful change. Each explanation identifies a placement, scope, form, or clause relationship instead of treating the whole sentence as one undifferentiated mistake.
这个办法固然有效，也但是成本太高。
这个办法固然有效，但是成本太高。
Competing second-clause connectives are stacked
Choose concessive 也 or adversative 但是 according to the intended relation; do not stack them.
经验固然固然重要，方法也不能忽视。
经验固然重要，方法也不能忽视。
固然 is duplicated
One 固然 is sufficient to mark the acknowledged proposition.
这个办法固然有效，也但是成本太高。
Choose concessive 也 or adversative 但是 according to the intended relation; do not stack them.
经验固然固然重要，方法也不能忽视。
One 固然 is sufficient to mark the acknowledged proposition.
06 / PRACTICE
Practice the Grammar Point
Complete three short tasks in order: judge the pattern, repair a common error, and build the sentence. Feedback is fixed and reviewed, so these activities do not use a checker allowance.
1. Judge the sentence
2. Choose the correction
3. Build the sentence
Build a complete sentence with 固然……，也…….
07 / APPLY
Apply It in Your Sentence
Write one original sentence with 固然……，也……. Your draft moves to the checker through this browser session, selects this grammar point as the first review focus, and waits for you to submit.
08 / QUESTIONS
固然…也… for Conceding a Fact Without Reversing Course Questions
How is 固然…也… different from 固然…但是…?
也 keeps the second point additive or parallel under concession. 但是 explicitly marks a turn or contrast against the acknowledged first point.
Is 固然 formal?
It is neutral-to-formal and especially common in analytical or written discourse. More conversational alternatives often use 虽然.
09 / SOURCES
Sources and Review Notes
These references support different parts of the lesson. GF0025-2021 supports level placement only; professional grammar works support the explanation, limits, examples, and cross-checks. Their inclusion does not imply endorsement.
Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for International Chinese Language Education (GF0025-2021)
Ministry of Education and State Language Commission · Ministry of Education of the PRC · 2021
Locator: Appendix A, combined Levels 7–9 item 【七—九118】, PDF p. 256
Lists 固然…也… and gives examples where both acknowledged judgments remain valid.
Official source七至九级语法点课程
内蒙古大学国际教育学院 · 内蒙古大学 · 2025
Locator: Band 7–9 grammar course, connective lesson index: 固然
Independently identifies 固然 as an advanced connective lesson.
Official source基于语料库的关联词搭配研究
张文贤、邱立坤 · 世界汉语教学 · 2007
Locator: Connective placement and collocation analysis
Supports analyzing the paired markers through their clause relation and conventional partner placement.
Official source10 / CONTINUE
Continue with a Connected Rule
Easy to confuse
固然…但是固然...但是: Granted, Yet
Contrast additive concessive 也 with adversative 但是 after the same acknowledged 固然 clause.
Compare
虽然…但是虽然...但是 (Although... But)
Compare formal 固然 with neutral 虽然 when acknowledging a valid first proposition.
Compare
尽管…但是/可是…尽管...但是...(jǐnguǎn...dànshì)
Compare a known obstacle introduced by 尽管 with a conceded fact introduced by 固然.
Learn first
也也 Word Order (Also/Too)
Keep additive 也 before the predicate of the second acknowledged judgment.
RECOMMENDED NEXT
Easy to confuse
Contrast additive concessive 也 with adversative 但是 after the same acknowledged 固然 clause.